. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. THE ANTEEIOR VENA CAVA. Fig. 387. The suhsphmoidal confluents (Fig. 387) extend on the sides of the body of the sphenoid bone and basilar process, from the base of the subsphenoidal process to the condyloid fossa, concurring in the closing of the occipito-spheno- temporal hiatus. They open at their middle portion into the corresponding cavernous sinus, by an oval aperture which the internal carotid artery traverses in penetrating into the cranium. The anterior extremity terminates in a cul-de-sac. Posteriorly, they comm
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. THE ANTEEIOR VENA CAVA. Fig. 387. The suhsphmoidal confluents (Fig. 387) extend on the sides of the body of the sphenoid bone and basilar process, from the base of the subsphenoidal process to the condyloid fossa, concurring in the closing of the occipito-spheno- temporal hiatus. They open at their middle portion into the corresponding cavernous sinus, by an oval aperture which the internal carotid artery traverses in penetrating into the cranium. The anterior extremity terminates in a cul-de-sac. Posteriorly, they communicate through the condyloid foramina with the occipital sinuses. The vessels which carry off the blood from these confluents are the pterygoid veins, and the anterior radicle of the occipital vein. "We know that the posterior branch of the latter vessel removes the blood directly into the occipital sinuses. h. The emergent veins of the spinal sinuses present a more simple disposition. At each intervertebral space arise several branches, which more particularly make their exit by the intervertebral foramina to join the neighbour- ing veins ; in the cervical region, the vertebral veins serve as a receptacle in this way for the venous branches from the spinal sinuses ; in the dorsal region, it is the spinal branches of the intercostals ; in the loins, the analogous branches of the lumbar veins ; and in the sacral region, the lateral sacral vein. As a whole, the venous system of the cerebro-spinal centres presents a special physi- ognomy. The veins arising from the nerve substance or the meninges, instead of passing immediately into the veins of the neck or head, open at first into irregular cavities {sinuses) established between the cranium and the mem- branes enveloping the nervous centres, or ex- cavated in the cranial walls. The blood collects in certain of these cavities, named confluents, whence the vessels go which finally open into the deep or superficial veins of th
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