. The Indian ducks and their allies . nford, Fauna B. I. iv, p. casarca, Legye, B. of Gey. pp. 1070, 1222 (Appendix); Gates, B. of Brit. Biirm. ii, p. 277; Hume, Nests ^- Fyys (Gates ed.), iii, p. 280. Description. Adult male.—Whole head and upper part of the neck buff,changing gradually into bright orange-brown at the base of the latter. Scapu-laries and back, flanks, and whole lower plumage rather bright orange-brown,lower back finely vermiculated black and rufous ; upper tail-coverts and tailblack; wing-coverts white, quills black ; secondaries glossed rich green on theouter web
. The Indian ducks and their allies . nford, Fauna B. I. iv, p. casarca, Legye, B. of Gey. pp. 1070, 1222 (Appendix); Gates, B. of Brit. Biirm. ii, p. 277; Hume, Nests ^- Fyys (Gates ed.), iii, p. 280. Description. Adult male.—Whole head and upper part of the neck buff,changing gradually into bright orange-brown at the base of the latter. Scapu-laries and back, flanks, and whole lower plumage rather bright orange-brown,lower back finely vermiculated black and rufous ; upper tail-coverts and tailblack; wing-coverts white, quills black ; secondaries glossed rich green on theouter webs, forming a well-defined speculum, Hume says that the speculummay be either bronze or green, but I have personally seen none of the formercolour. Inner secondaries light buff, more or less tinged with rufous on the outerweb, and principally grey ou the inner ; axillaries and under wing-coverts white. In the breeding-season there is a black collar at the base of the neck, usuallyvery indistinct in Indian birds and often absent. X V. LlI X Q □: UJ X CASARCA RUTILA. 115 Bill and feet black, irides rich brown. Length 24-5 to 270 inches, expanse 48-0 to 52-5, wing 14-25 to lo-o, tailfrom vent 5-4 to 6-15, tarsus 2*3 to 2*7, bill from gape 2-2 to 24, AVeight 3 4 lbs. 4 ozs. (Hume.) In the cold weatlier the majority of the drakes have their white wing-covertsmuch suffused with rufous. Hume had specimens practically having their wing-coverts and lower plumage concolorous. Adult female.—Differs in being smaller, and in having the head paler and in having (at any rate, during the cold season) the whole anterior portion ofthe head white * (Hume). The black collar is never assumed. Length 217o to 24*0 inches, expanse 42-5 to 4775, wing 12-36 to 14-0,tail from vent 5-06 to 6-0, tarsus 2-12 to 2-4, bill from gape 2-0 to 2-3. Weight2 lbs. 1 oz. to 3 lbs. 5 ozs. (Hume.) Young of the first season.—Generally like the female but rather duller,the scapulars and upper part verraicul
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