. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. which the lords inhabiting the adjacent castleswere admitted, but only as ordinary citizens; without, however, losing anyof their domainial privileges. - Though feudalism possessed nearly the same generic type in all Europeancountries, it presented here and there varying shades of nationality, due tothe dissimilarity of race, to the habits of the people, to the different modesin which it had been introduced, and to the diverse phases of its struggleand growth. FEUDALISM. The illustrious house of Franconia, a
. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. which the lords inhabiting the adjacent castleswere admitted, but only as ordinary citizens; without, however, losing anyof their domainial privileges. - Though feudalism possessed nearly the same generic type in all Europeancountries, it presented here and there varying shades of nationality, due tothe dissimilarity of race, to the habits of the people, to the different modesin which it had been introduced, and to the diverse phases of its struggleand growth. FEUDALISM. The illustrious house of Franconia, alarmed at the incessant progress ofhigh German feudalism, and anxious to check it, created, in the midst of theduchies by which it was threatened, a number of immediate lordships, owingfealty only to the emperor, and having an hereditary right over the fiefs ofchivalry. This step met with an obstinate resistance from the great vassalswho possessed this hereditary right, which the elected monarch did not enjoyof himself. On the other hand, the palatine lords, agents of the emperor,. Fig. 28.—Seal of John, Duke of Burgundy, Count of Nevers and Baron of Donzy, surnamedJean sans Tear (1371—1419).—National Archives of Paris. and empowered to represent him in the great fiefs or in his domains, andthe burgraves of the towns, impatient to free themselves from the imperialsuzerainty, displayed at the same time the insubordination which the leudeshad practised in the Carlovingian epoch, and endeavoured to establish forthemselves an independence transmissible to their heirs. While this move-ment was going on, the Pope was lowering the status of the empire ; Inno-cent IT. compelled the Emperor Lothair II. to receive in fee from him 32 FEUDALISM. Tuscany, the Duchy of Spoleta, the Marches of Ancona, Bologna, Parma,Placenza, &c, forming part of the legacy bequeathed to the Holy See by theCountess Matilda. From this flagrant humiliation, submitted to by Conradof Hohenstaufen, the succes
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