. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. PHB4 : Dorsal view of pharyngobranchials and epi- branchials of Phoxinus. A: P. neogaeus (KU 8521. mm SL): B: P. erythrogaster (KU 5773. mm SL): C: P. phoxinus (CNUC mm TL): D: P. eos (KU 1 mm SL): E: P. is- sykkulensis (P-10696, mm SL): F: P. oreas (KU 3259. mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm. Pharyngobranchial 4 () is a cartilage in Phoxinus, and placed at the posterior margin of the pharyngobranchial 2+3. It contacts the pharyngobranchial 2+3 anteriorly, and epibranchial 4 posteriorly. This cartilag
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. PHB4 : Dorsal view of pharyngobranchials and epi- branchials of Phoxinus. A: P. neogaeus (KU 8521. mm SL): B: P. erythrogaster (KU 5773. mm SL): C: P. phoxinus (CNUC mm TL): D: P. eos (KU 1 mm SL): E: P. is- sykkulensis (P-10696, mm SL): F: P. oreas (KU 3259. mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm. Pharyngobranchial 4 () is a cartilage in Phoxinus, and placed at the posterior margin of the pharyngobranchial 2+3. It contacts the pharyngobranchial 2+3 anteriorly, and epibranchial 4 posteriorly. This cartilage is a slender bar in shape. Pharyngobranchi- al 4 is present in P. oreas, issykkulensis, and phoxinus (TS 144[ 1 ]), but absent in other species of Phoxinus and in the outgroups (TS 144[0]). Epibranchials (). Four paired bones are included, epibranchials 1, 2, 3, and 4. Epibranchial 1 () is a bar-shaped bone articulating with pharyngobranchial 1 dorsally, and ceratobranchial 1 ventrally. The dorsal portion of epibranchial 1 is narrower than the ventral portion. In P. erythrogaster, phoxinus, issykkulensis, and oreas, the dor- sal portion of epibranchial 1 is constricted, much narrower than the ventral portion of the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bonn, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig
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