Operative surgery . s of the operation. During the course of an operation carriedon through an incision of the soft parts theborders of the wound should be held asunderso as to permit of a good view and propermanipulation of the deeper structures. Forthis purpose variously formed retractors havebeen devised (Fig. 50)—those with sharp hooks,blunt hooks, etc. (Fig. 175). Operations of a complicated or special naturerequire special retractors, and these will be illustrated in their proper the retractors be cumbersome and in the way, long, strong silk tractionloops can be passed deeply t
Operative surgery . s of the operation. During the course of an operation carriedon through an incision of the soft parts theborders of the wound should be held asunderso as to permit of a good view and propermanipulation of the deeper structures. Forthis purpose variously formed retractors havebeen devised (Fig. 50)—those with sharp hooks,blunt hooks, etc. (Fig. 175). Operations of a complicated or special naturerequire special retractors, and these will be illustrated in their proper the retractors be cumbersome and in the way, long, strong silk tractionloops can be passed deeply through the center of each side of the wound,tied or not, caught with forceps, and drawn apart by the assistant or by asuitable weight attached to the ends (Fig. 51). This idea is especially ser-viceable in limited spaces, as in perineal, axillary, and tracheal incisions. Antiseptic and Aseptic Methods.—In the brief study of the remainingessential requirements the expressions antiseptic and aseptic frequently ap-. FiG. 50.—Retractors. THE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 51 Xiear; but since each signifies a like oulconic, ilieii- dissiiuilaiity will not bestated until later on (page 94). The Receptacles for Instruments.—The receptacles for instruments varyin shape (Fig. 52), size, and in material, according to the fancy of the de-
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