. Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy. Anatomy. THE PLEUP^E. 1087 vertebral line of reflection is fairly constant, the other two reflection-lines are subject to marked variations in different subjects. Consequently the following description must be regarded as merely giving the average condition. The vertebral line of pleural reflection is that along which the costal pleura is continued ventrally from the vertebral column to become the mediastinal pleura. On the right side, above the root of the lung, the pleura passes from the bodies of the vertebras on to the right side of the trachea ; whilst
. Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy. Anatomy. THE PLEUP^E. 1087 vertebral line of reflection is fairly constant, the other two reflection-lines are subject to marked variations in different subjects. Consequently the following description must be regarded as merely giving the average condition. The vertebral line of pleural reflection is that along which the costal pleura is continued ventrally from the vertebral column to become the mediastinal pleura. On the right side, above the root of the lung, the pleura passes from the bodies of the vertebras on to the right side of the trachea ; whilst lower down, and dorsal to the pericardium, it passes oesophagus t from the vertebral bodies Left subclavian artery \f on to the oesophagus. On Left common carotid artery the left side, and above Left superior intercostal vein the arch of the aorta, the pleura along this line of reflection is carried from the vertebral column on to the oesophagus and thoracic duct; below that level it passes on to the thoracic aorta. In the superior part of the chest the right and left lines of reflection are placed well apart from each other, and about equidistant from the median plane. As they are traced down- wards they approach more closely to each other and deviate to the left, so that whilst the reflection on the right side takes place from the ventral aspect of the vertebral bodies, on the left side it takes place from the left aspect of the ver- tebral column. This is due to the position of the thoracic aorta. The sternal line of pleural reflection is that along which the costal pleura leaves the ventral thoracic wall to become the mediastinal pleura. The lines differ somewhat on the two sides, and in both cases show a tend- ency to deviate to the left (Fig. 863, p. 1085). In the FlG- _865.—Left Pleural Sac in a. Diaphragm Subject hardened by Formalin Injection, opened into by the removal of the costal part of the parietal pleura. The lung has also been removed so as to display the me
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