. Discovery. Science. DISCOVERY 285 is, in fact, only limited by the boiling-point of carbon or other materials in the path of the arc, and may be as high as 7,000° Fahr. A second advantage is that the conditions can be adjusted to give temperatures of any lower degree as desired, while the use of elec- tricity enables a careful and convenient adjustment of the heating to be made. Fig. 3 illustrates a bath of steel during the pouring operation. This metal has been prepared by sub- mitting a charge of cast iron with certain alloys and fluxes for a few hours to the high temperature of electric a
. Discovery. Science. DISCOVERY 285 is, in fact, only limited by the boiling-point of carbon or other materials in the path of the arc, and may be as high as 7,000° Fahr. A second advantage is that the conditions can be adjusted to give temperatures of any lower degree as desired, while the use of elec- tricity enables a careful and convenient adjustment of the heating to be made. Fig. 3 illustrates a bath of steel during the pouring operation. This metal has been prepared by sub- mitting a charge of cast iron with certain alloys and fluxes for a few hours to the high temperature of electric arcs formed between the tlirec superposed carbon electrodes and the surface of the slag. The main incentives to the development of electric furnaces in the iron and steel industry have been the exacting requirements of the present-day engineer. The demand for high-grade material which, on a large scale, can only be met satisfactorily by electro- metallurgical methods, is particularly in evidence in the case of metals for cars and aircraft machinery, and particularly in America, for the steel rails necessary to meet the increasing weight and speed of rolling stock. Apart from a field of its own which electricity has established in the above instances, the application of electrical heating methods is gradually extending over the whole field of chemical and metallur- gical technology. For instance, in certain countries, the electric furnace has entered into successful rivalry with, and proved its overall superiority to, the modern blast furnace for producing cast iron, which in its present-day efiiciency and economy is generally put forward as the model of fuel- heating processes. The electric smelting of iron ores has become mainly established at several centres in Sweden where cheap water power is available. A typical plant in use for this purpose is a modified blast furnace of the ordinary type. The charge is admitted down a tall shaft to the melting chamber at the base, where
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