. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography 322 DONALD V. HANSEN AND MAURICE RATTRAY, Fig. 1. Fraction of horizontal salt balance by diffusion, as a function of salinity stratification and convective circulation in a rectangular channel. difference to the mean salinity over the sec- tion, SS/Sq. The diffusive fraction, v, of total upstream salt transfer in a rectangular channel implied by these stratification and circulation parameters is shown by Fig. 1. When V = 1, gravitational convection ceases and the upstream salt flux is entirely by diffusion;
. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography 322 DONALD V. HANSEN AND MAURICE RATTRAY, Fig. 1. Fraction of horizontal salt balance by diffusion, as a function of salinity stratification and convective circulation in a rectangular channel. difference to the mean salinity over the sec- tion, SS/Sq. The diffusive fraction, v, of total upstream salt transfer in a rectangular channel implied by these stratification and circulation parameters is shown by Fig. 1. When V = 1, gravitational convection ceases and the upstream salt flux is entirely by diffusion; as v -^ 0, diffusion is unimportant and the upstream salt flux is almost en- tirely by gravitational convection in a two- layered flow. For values of v between and , advective and diffusive fluxes both are important in the horizontal salt balance. The exact positions of the isopleths of v depend upon the boundary conditions of the particular theoretical model employed for their evaluation, but variations from the indicated relationships are expected to be small. It is clear from Fig. 1 that, contrary to what has been stated or implied in the literature, the advective component of salt flux is not necessarily proportional to salin- ity stratification. CLASSIFICATION UST TERMS OF STRATIFICATION AND CIRCULATION We conclude that a useful purpose can be served by classifying estuaries in terms of two parameters, the stratification and the circulation, although we recognize that not all significant differences in the vertical distribution of properties in estuaries can be expressed in terms of these two param- eters alone. A plot of the values of strati- fication and circulation for estuaries will be called a stratification-circulation dia- gram in analogy to the temperature-salinity (T-S) diagram for the description of ocean water masses. We have identified seven types of es- tuaries, basically following the conven- tional usage initiated by Stommel and Farmer, but further di
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