. The diseases of infancy and childhood. chondrodystrophy are unknown; only in rare caseshas any hereditary connection been traced. The pathological processbegins in fetal life and consists in a disturbance of the normal ossifica-tion of primary cartilage. It affects endochondral ossification only,never intramembranous ossification. The flat bones, therefore, escapeentirely. The vertebrae are only slightly affected while the long bonesof the extremities suffer most but not equally, though the disturbanceis symmetrical. The humeri and femora are almost always the seatof the greatest interferenc
. The diseases of infancy and childhood. chondrodystrophy are unknown; only in rare caseshas any hereditary connection been traced. The pathological processbegins in fetal life and consists in a disturbance of the normal ossifica-tion of primary cartilage. It affects endochondral ossification only,never intramembranous ossification. The flat bones, therefore, escapeentirely. The vertebrae are only slightly affected while the long bonesof the extremities suffer most but not equally, though the disturbanceis symmetrical. The humeri and femora are almost always the seatof the greatest interference with growth. One of the most strikingchanges in the skull is the synostosis or early ossification of the tribasilarbone; this is formed of two parts of the sphenoid and the sphenoidalprocess of the occipital bone. Normally this ossification does not takeplace until adult life: in children with chondrodystrophy it often be°-insin utero. This prevents a normal expansion at the base of the skull, and 808 DISEASES OF THE BONES AND JOINTS. Fig. 141.—Skull in Chondrodystrophy, Showing Frontal Prominence and Prog- Girl six years old. NATHISM. the brain, as it grows, is thus crowded upward and forward, causing the great prominence of the forehead (). The upper jaw appears very prom-inent on account of the depression at theroot of the nose. In the long bones there is a marked in-terference with the normal proliferation ofcartilage cells. This interference may beseen in all degrees. In some cases a peri-osteal lamella pushes its way between theepiphysis and diaphysis, still further re-stricting the growth of the long bones. Asbone formation beneath the periosteum goeson normally, the bones in chondrodys-trophy are thick as well as short. Symptoms.—The majority of childrensuffering from this condition are eitherborn dead or die shortly after birth. Thosewho survive are delicate during infancy, butafterward may become strong and most striking thing about their app
Size: 1597px × 1565px
Photo credit: © Reading Room 2020 / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1920
