. A text-book of animal physiology, with introductory chapters on general biology and a full treatment of reproduction ... Physiology, Comparative. 220 ANIMAL tion, he will have a broader basis for his cardiac physiology than is usual; and we think we may promise the medical stu- dent, who will in this m ^..-jTO^.-^^-^ and other ways that may occur to him supplement the usual work on the human cadaver, a pleasure and profit in the study of heart - dis- ease which come in no other way. "With the view of assisting the obser- vation of the student as regards the heart of the mam
. A text-book of animal physiology, with introductory chapters on general biology and a full treatment of reproduction ... Physiology, Comparative. 220 ANIMAL tion, he will have a broader basis for his cardiac physiology than is usual; and we think we may promise the medical stu- dent, who will in this m ^..-jTO^.-^^-^ and other ways that may occur to him supplement the usual work on the human cadaver, a pleasure and profit in the study of heart - dis- ease which come in no other way. "With the view of assisting the obser- vation of the student as regards the heart of the mammal, we would call special at- tention to the follow- ing points among others: Its method of suspension, chiefly by its great vefssels; the strong fibrous frame- work for the attachment of valves, vessels, and muscle-fibers; the great complexity of the arrangement of the latter; the various lengths, mode of attachment, and the strength of the inelastic chordae tendinese ; the papillary muscles which doubt- less act at the moment the valves flap back, thus preventing the latter being carried too far toward the auricles, the pocket- ing action of the semilunar valves, with their strong margin and meeting nodules {corpora aurantii); the relative thickness of auricles and ventricles, and the much greater thickness of the walls of the left than of the right ventricle—differences which are related to the work these parts perform. The latter may be well seen by making transverse sections of the heart of an animal, especially one that has been bled to death, which specimen also shows how the contraction of the heart obliterates the ventricular cavity. It will also be well worth while to follow up the course of the coronary arteries, noting especially their point of origin. The examination of the valves of the smaller hearts of cold- blooded animals is a matter of greater difficulty and is facili- FiQ. 198.—Orifices of the heart seen from above, after the auricles and great vessels
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