. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 456 Comparative Animal Physiology The general chemical sense in vertebrates is obviously a development of general irritability oF all mucous membranes in man and of the entire external surface in aquatic animals. The receptors are probably free nerve endings. BEHAVIOR. In fishes olfaction is confined to the olfactory pits (only one in the cyclostomes—monorhines), w/hich in some fishes, , the hammerhead shark, are widely separated. In sharks, rays, and dipnoans the nasal openings are on the ventral side of th
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 456 Comparative Animal Physiology The general chemical sense in vertebrates is obviously a development of general irritability oF all mucous membranes in man and of the entire external surface in aquatic animals. The receptors are probably free nerve endings. BEHAVIOR. In fishes olfaction is confined to the olfactory pits (only one in the cyclostomes—monorhines), w/hich in some fishes, , the hammerhead shark, are widely separated. In sharks, rays, and dipnoans the nasal openings are on the ventral side of the head, and in some cases the nasal pits also have an opening into the mouth. The teleosts have dorsally located nasal pits which do not open into the mouth, , the water current is into the pit and then back out (Fig. 148). The taste organs of fish are widely distributed. They occur in the palatal organ of the mouth, the soft palate; in a ring around the opening of the pneumatic duct (in some fishes) which leads to the swim bladder; on the barbels; over the entire surface of the body; and on the pectoral and dorsal ;' Fishes locate food by means of gustatory Anterior opening \ Skin fold Posterior opening Skin fold. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Prosser, C. Ladd (Clifford Ladd), 1907-; Bishop, David W. Philadelphia, Saunders
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