. Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society . structure of iron and steel hasbeen the subject of a great amount of highly skilledinvestigation in recent years. The early studies andexperiments of Tschernoff, Osmond, Sorby, Le Chatelierand Brinell, paved the way for the later researches ofStead, Roberts-Austen, Sauveur, Roozeboom, Arnold,Martens, Heyn, Carpenter, and others that have liftedthe veil that once shrouded the complex phenomena ofiron and steel, and have brought their mysteries within thescope of definite laws. Manchester Memoirs, Vol. Iv. (1911), No.


. Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society . structure of iron and steel hasbeen the subject of a great amount of highly skilledinvestigation in recent years. The early studies andexperiments of Tschernoff, Osmond, Sorby, Le Chatelierand Brinell, paved the way for the later researches ofStead, Roberts-Austen, Sauveur, Roozeboom, Arnold,Martens, Heyn, Carpenter, and others that have liftedthe veil that once shrouded the complex phenomena ofiron and steel, and have brought their mysteries within thescope of definite laws. Manchester Memoirs, Vol. Iv. (1911), No. *Z4. 15 The demand for greater strength of structures, underthe ever increasing stress of modern requirements, hasalso called into being the study and use of special alloysteels, and the same methods of organised scientificresearch that have been applied to the ferrous metals arenow-a-days being employed to increase the efficiency andreliability of the non-ferrous metals with immense benefitsto all the industries concerned. Mcmchesier Mevwirs, Vol. L V. {No. ^4). Plate Fis;- I. Steel Pine-tree Crystals, found in cavity in riser of large steel casting. About ith actual size. Reproduced by kind permission of Messrs. Iiciers Ltd. Manchester Meii/oi?s^ Vol. L V. [No. *ZA). Plate II.


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