. A short history of England and the British Empire. of arms; consequently, the king had a Thereliable army from the very beginning. There Cavaliers-were also some excellent officers among these royalist cav-aliers, the mostnoted, though notthe ablest, of whomwas Prince Rupertof the Prince Palati- RuPert-nate,1 the kingsnephew, who wonfame as a brilliant,though somewhatreckless, cavalryleader. Many ofthe cavaliers werevery wealthy andcontributed liberallyto the royal warchest; but the sup-ply was not inex-haustible and theking was often insore straits for the otherhand, parliamenthad
. A short history of England and the British Empire. of arms; consequently, the king had a Thereliable army from the very beginning. There Cavaliers-were also some excellent officers among these royalist cav-aliers, the mostnoted, though notthe ablest, of whomwas Prince Rupertof the Prince Palati- RuPert-nate,1 the kingsnephew, who wonfame as a brilliant,though somewhatreckless, cavalryleader. Many ofthe cavaliers werevery wealthy andcontributed liberallyto the royal warchest; but the sup-ply was not inex-haustible and theking was often insore straits for the otherhand, parliamenthad three distinctadvantages which eventually led to victory: the parliamenta-rians controlled the wealthiest and most populous Advantages ofsection of the kingdom ; they had the support of the Pariia-the fleet that King Charles had built and equipped mena few years before, with its crews which had been starved inthe interest of personal monarchy; and they had possession ofthe ports on the eastern and southern coasts where their customs 1 See sec. Oliver CromwellFrom an engraving by O. Faber. 356 THE AGE OF CROMWELL officers collected the tunnage and poundage that parliamenthad denied the king. And on the Puritan side was OliverCromwell, the most capable leader of the age. Cromwell wasOliver a country gentleman who had known service in Cromwell. parliamentl but was entirely without experiencein warfare. He had, however, military as well as politicaltalents, and under his leadership the Puritans developed anarmy that the cavaliers found almost invincible. 325. Charles Plan of Campaign. The king establishedhis headquarters at Oxford; and here were gathered a majorityThe kings of the house of lords and a strong minority of thegovernment, house of commons whom the king recognized asforming the parliament of the kingdom. England thus hadtwo capitals and two governments. The parliament at Oxfordproved, however, of little service in the conduct of war, as theking retained his aversi
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