Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . rth the opinion thatspecies are evolvedfrom one another, notseparately the causes of evo-lution he speculatedin the spirit of hisFrench successorLamarck. Thus hecannot be said to haveanticipated the dis-tinctive theory of hismore famous grandson, by which, in our own time, the doctrineof evolution has been established to the satisfaction of all natural-ists. Instead of supposing transmutation of s
Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . rth the opinion thatspecies are evolvedfrom one another, notseparately the causes of evo-lution he speculatedin the spirit of hisFrench successorLamarck. Thus hecannot be said to haveanticipated the dis-tinctive theory of hismore famous grandson, by which, in our own time, the doctrineof evolution has been established to the satisfaction of all natural-ists. Instead of supposing transmutation of species to take placeby the accumulation of spontaneous variations—that is,variations which are innate and of which the causes are notdefinitely assignable—he set out from the observation that theuse of parts and organs causes them to develop, while disusecauses them to diminish or disappear: changes thus initiated,he went on to suppose, are transmitted to oflfspring, and, if thesame external conditions continue, are gradually accumulated insucceeding cronerations, so that at lenoth a form is arrived atwhich is so different from its remote ancestor as to constitutea new ERASMUS DAKWm, , (After the painting hy J. Wright in 1797.) MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 1742-1802. 569 The period embraced by the years 1742 to 1802 was a moment- darcy ous one for the science as well as for the art of medicine. With the exception of John Huxham and William Heberden the and Public elder, there were no really great physicians in England in the year 1742. Sir Hans Sloane, who had then recently retired from the office of President of the Royal Society, was rather a man of high scientific attainments than a pure physician, whilst Cullens reputation was gained wholly in Scotland. The sursceons were associated with the barbers as a City a surgical. Revolu- Company, which had existed since the days of Henry AHI. tion. The only legitimate road to surgical practice i
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