Successful farming : a ready reference on all phases of agriculture for farmers of the United States and Canada . ause trouble. Thebanks of the ditch should be kept coveredwith grass to prevent erosion. Tile Drains.—The first step in tile drain-age is an accurate survey of the land to bedrained. This will determine the fall and the best position for the maindrains. It should also include an estimate of the water shed, that is, theamount of water to be carried away, whether falling on the land to bedrained or flowing on to it from adjacent higher lands. The lines ofdrainage should be as straigh
Successful farming : a ready reference on all phases of agriculture for farmers of the United States and Canada . ause trouble. Thebanks of the ditch should be kept coveredwith grass to prevent erosion. Tile Drains.—The first step in tile drain-age is an accurate survey of the land to bedrained. This will determine the fall and the best position for the maindrains. It should also include an estimate of the water shed, that is, theamount of water to be carried away, whether falling on the land to bedrained or flowing on to it from adjacent higher lands. The lines ofdrainage should be as straight as conditions will permit. The mainsshould be in the lowest portions of the field. Laterals may extend fromthem into more elevated portions. In case of very level land, this makesprovision for the greatest possible fall in the drainage lines. Running the Levels.—This work may be done by the farmer. Inlarge systems or on very level land, the employment of an engineer isadvised. A farm drainage level that is sufficiently accurate may be pur- 1 Courtesy of U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Farmers Bulletin Grading the Ditch andLaying A—Depth gauge. B—Cross piece. C and D—Stakesdriven in ground to giveproper slope to grading F—-Hollow tile drain. FARM DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION 7G7 chased for about $15. For very small jobs a home-made water level willserve the purpose. This consists of a section of gas pipe about three feetlong, with a glass tube attached to each end by means of corks or rubbertubing. The glass tubes should be at right angles to the pipe. Whenfilled with a colored solution and held approximately level, the operatorsights across the top of the colored solution as it appears in the two glasstubes. Establishing the Grades.—The drainage lines are laid out by driving-stakes at intervals of 50 to 100 feet, about 18 inches to one side of thecenter of the ditch. These stakes are driven into the ground until the tops
Size: 1275px × 1961px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectagriculture, bookyear
