Elementary treatise on the finishing of white, dyed, and printed cotton goods . —T Fig. 45. Clip closed combined with needle \ plan. A manufacturer of Zittau (Saxony) Kiesler hasrecently combined the needle and the clip. In hisnew apparatus the fabric cannot escape from theneedle, and as the clip helps to hold the cloth theneedles mark it less. 170 FINISHING IN GENERAL. The fig. Nr. 44, page 168, Nr. 45, page 169,Nr. 46, p. 170 dispense with other explanations. (1) The drawing fig. 44, page 168, representsa section of the closed clip. In k is a flat parton which the clip passes and holds the s
Elementary treatise on the finishing of white, dyed, and printed cotton goods . —T Fig. 45. Clip closed combined with needle \ plan. A manufacturer of Zittau (Saxony) Kiesler hasrecently combined the needle and the clip. In hisnew apparatus the fabric cannot escape from theneedle, and as the clip helps to hold the cloth theneedles mark it less. 170 FINISHING IN GENERAL. The fig. Nr. 44, page 168, Nr. 45, page 169,Nr. 46, p. 170 dispense with other explanations. (1) The drawing fig. 44, page 168, representsa section of the closed clip. In k is a flat parton which the clip passes and holds the stuff alreadyentered on the needle at n. Certain modifications have been introduced inthe construction of the chains, which enable a stenter. Fig. 46. Clip combined with needle, open. with needles to be easily transformed into a stenterwith clips and vice-versa. The machine Welterdescribed page 154 is of this kind. These different systems of clips are only usedin conjunction with stenters. For stretching or wide-ning goods generally entirely different means areadopted, which we shall take up in the followingchapter. (1) These figures are extracted from the Leipziger Textil-Wochen- schrift. STARCHING AND DRYING. 171 EXPANDERS AND APPARATUSES FOR WIDENING AND„BREAKINGr FABRICS. It is well known that in bleaching and dyeingoperations the width of cotton fabrics diminishesconsiderably on account of the twisting, which thepieces undergo in order to make them circulatein the different apparatuses. These causes as wellas the elongating and the drying, partially contractand shrivel the weft; the last defect is howeverscarcely perceptible to the naked eye. It may alsobe said with regard to the width, that the shrinkageis due to th
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