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Samarium (Sm). Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of samarium-150 (atomic numb
Samarium (Sm). Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of samarium-150 (atomic number: 62), an isotope of this element. The nucleus consists of 62 protons (red) and 88 neutrons (orange). 62 electrons (white) successively occupy available electron shells (rings). Samarium is a lanthanide in period 6, and the f-block of the periodic table. It melts at 1072 degrees Celsius. The trend across the lanthanide series arises from the failure of electrons filling an inner f-subshell (here, within the 4th ring) to shield outer (valence) electrons from increasing nuclear charge.
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Photo credit: © CARLOS CLARIVAN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
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