. A history of the United States of America, its people, and its institutions. himself more than this,and filled the high office which unexpectedly came to himto the satisfaction of the people. Anti-Polygamy Bill.—In 1882 Congress passed a bill * In 1881 there were in the country (including post-offices) about onehundred and forty thousand office-holders. Since then this number hasbeen increasing. At first only a few offices were filled under the newlaw, but the number has steadily increased, and now nearly all theminor offices, except the post-offices, are filled by competitive exami-nation.
. A history of the United States of America, its people, and its institutions. himself more than this,and filled the high office which unexpectedly came to himto the satisfaction of the people. Anti-Polygamy Bill.—In 1882 Congress passed a bill * In 1881 there were in the country (including post-offices) about onehundred and forty thousand office-holders. Since then this number hasbeen increasing. At first only a few offices were filled under the newlaw, but the number has steadily increased, and now nearly all theminor offices, except the post-offices, are filled by competitive exami-nation. Garfield was a martyr of the spoils system introduced by Jack-son. His death gave the inspiration to a great reform. ^ Chester Alan Arthur was born in Vermont in 1830. He graduatedat Union College, became a teacher and then a lawyer, and during thewar served as quartermaster-general of New York. He was appointedcollector of the port of New York in 1872 and served six years. Hewas a candidate for the Presidential nomination in 1884, but was un-successful. He died in 434 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW NATION. 1 for the suppression of polygamy by the Mormons of Utah,many of these having more than one wife. It was opposedat first, but has since been carried out, and polygamy is atan end. Industrial Exhibitions.—During Arthurs administrationseveral industrial exhibitions were held in the South. Oneof these was held at Atlanta in 1881, and one at Louisvillein 1883. A more important one was held at New Orleansin 1884, under the title of The Worlds Industrial andCotton Centennial Exposition. It was a large and inter-esting exhibition and demonstrated that the South had madegreat progress since the war. In 1784 the South exportedeight bags—about equal to one bale—of cotton. Just be-fore the Civil War the crop reached about five million 1884 it had increased to eight millions. In 1860 therewere scarcely any manufactures south of Maryland. In1884 there were millions of dol
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