History of Europe, ancient and medieval: Earliest man, the Orient, Greece and Rome . therscareer,— especially the necessityof military power. Then playingthe game of politics, with severallegions at his back, he showedhimself a statesman no longer tobe ignored. The murderers ofCaesar were defeated and slainin a great battle at Philippi (), and within ten years afterCaesars assassination this youthof twenty-eight gained completecontrol of Italy and the West. 376. Octavian ends a Century of Revolution and Civil War(133-30 ). Caesars friend and lieutenant, Antony, with whomOctavian had
History of Europe, ancient and medieval: Earliest man, the Orient, Greece and Rome . therscareer,— especially the necessityof military power. Then playingthe game of politics, with severallegions at his back, he showedhimself a statesman no longer tobe ignored. The murderers ofCaesar were defeated and slainin a great battle at Philippi (), and within ten years afterCaesars assassination this youthof twenty-eight gained completecontrol of Italy and the West. 376. Octavian ends a Century of Revolution and Civil War(133-30 ). Caesars friend and lieutenant, Antony, with whomOctavian had joined hands, had meantime shown that he had noability as a serious statesman. His prestige was greatly dimmedby a disastrous campaign against the Parthians. Dazzled by theattractions of Cleopatra, Antony was now living in Alexandria andAntioch, where he ruled the East as far as the Euphrates like anoriental sovereign. He and Cleopatra cherished hopes of rulingRome. The tales of all this reached Octavian and the soon saw that Antony must be overthrown. He easily. Fig. 62. Portrait of Augus-tus, NOW IN THE Boston Mu-seum OF Fine Arts 242 History of Europe induced the Senate to declare war on Cleopatra, and thus hewas able to advance against Antony. As Caesar and Pompey,representing the West and the East, had once before faced eachother on a battlefield in Greece (§ 371), so now Octavian andAntony, the leaders of the West and the East, met at Actiumon the west coast of Greece. The outcome was a sweeping victoryfor the heir of Caesar. The next year Octavian landed in Egypt and took possession ofthat ancient land. Antony, probably forsaken by Cleopatra, tookhis own life. The proud queen too, unwilling to grace Octavianstriumph at Rome, died by her own hand. She was the last ofthe Ptolemies (§271), the rulers of Egypt for nearly three hun-dred years, since Alexander the Great. Octavian therefore madeEgypt Roman territory (30 ). To the West, which he alreadyco
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