History of mediæval art . re in the arrangement of these castles wasthe two-storied chapel, which was commonly situated, together withthe smaller chambers, in one of the ends of the structure. Note-worthy examples have remained in good preservation in Eger,Freiburg on the Unstrut, Nuremberg, and Landsberg near Halle{Fig. 182). The sacred ceremonies were .performed before the mem- GERMANY. 307 bers of the family in the upper story, while the ground - floor, ofsimpler design and of heavier and lower proportions, was intendedfor the menials, who could hear the voice of the priest through anapertu
History of mediæval art . re in the arrangement of these castles wasthe two-storied chapel, which was commonly situated, together withthe smaller chambers, in one of the ends of the structure. Note-worthy examples have remained in good preservation in Eger,Freiburg on the Unstrut, Nuremberg, and Landsberg near Halle{Fig. 182). The sacred ceremonies were .performed before the mem- GERMANY. 307 bers of the family in the upper story, while the ground - floor, ofsimpler design and of heavier and lower proportions, was intendedfor the menials, who could hear the voice of the priest through anaperture in the vaulting. The chapels were at times isolated, as inDankwarderode, or connected with the portal, as in Gelnhausen ;they were generally of rectangular plan, with four or more columnsin the interior, but a concentric arrangement appears in some in-stances, as at Krukenburg, Vianden, and Cobern. The other struct-ures of the citadel were of an inferior character, and were usuallybuilt against the fortification Fig. 182.—Section of the Double Chapel of Landsberg. The domestic architecture of the middle classes was, before thethirteenth century, entirely restricted to constructions of wood ornogging. The few houses of stone referable to the twelfth centurywere built by patrician families, who, in some instances, even gavetheir town dwellings an aristocratic and fortress-like character bythe addition of towers, as is evident in a number of houses in Rat-isbon, and notably in a mansion in the Trinitarier Strasse in Metz,the windows in the lower story of which, however, date to theGothic period. The dwellings of the common citizens were stillbuilt with open arcades on the ground-floor. Their primitive sup-ports of wood were gradually replaced by short and thick columns 308 ROMANIC ARCHITECTURE. of stone, connected by segmental arches, the passage being occa-sionally covered with cross-vaults. The upper part of these build-ings continued to be constructed of nogging,
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