. Bulletins of American paleontology. Benthic Foraminifera: Collins 99 LAGOON OPEN INNER NERITIC CORAL REEF OUTER MIXED M NERITIC & NERITIC O NERITIC/U BATHYAL UPPER BATHYAL. Recent B Pleistocene -Pliocene Miocene Text-figure 3.—Relative abundances of taxa primarily associated with carbonate shoals and reefs, plotted for the 130 assemblages. Assem- blages are grouped by sections of fomiations (fossil) or marine habitat (Recent), as in the cluster analysis, then ordered by the marine environments across the top. Within comparable environments. Recent assemblages include the most carbonate-a
. Bulletins of American paleontology. Benthic Foraminifera: Collins 99 LAGOON OPEN INNER NERITIC CORAL REEF OUTER MIXED M NERITIC & NERITIC O NERITIC/U BATHYAL UPPER BATHYAL. Recent B Pleistocene -Pliocene Miocene Text-figure 3.—Relative abundances of taxa primarily associated with carbonate shoals and reefs, plotted for the 130 assemblages. Assem- blages are grouped by sections of fomiations (fossil) or marine habitat (Recent), as in the cluster analysis, then ordered by the marine environments across the top. Within comparable environments. Recent assemblages include the most carbonate-associated taxa. Pliocene to Early Pleistocene the next highest, and Miocene the least (see Table 2 for means.) Table 2.—Mean relative abundances of taxa that are generally associated with carbonate facies (Miliolina and larger foraminifera) for the groupings by age and environment of Text-figure 3. Within environments, values increase over time. Pliocene to Recent Pleistocene Miocene Lagoon Inner Neritic Middle Neritic Coral Reef Outer Neritic Mixed M. Neritic & O. Neritic/U. Bathyal Upper Bathyal 0.(1 An important age-related trend in the composition of assemblages is an increase in individuals and spe- cies associated with carbonate shoals and coral reefs. These carbonate-associated species are primarily of the suborder Miliolina (those with calcareous, imperforate tests) and, to a much lesser extent, larger foraminifera (those having morphologically complex, calcareous, perforate chambers and sizes larger than most benthic foraminifera). Their mean relative abundance (Text- fig. 3, Table 2) and proportions of total taxa at the neritic to bathyal depths show significant increases within different environments over the three age inter- vals (Table 3, ANOVAs). Of 98 Recent species that are not represented as fossils, about one-fourth are Miliolina and larger foraminifera, mostly the former If 39 rare species (they
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