. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 52 Comparative Animal Physiology a weak condition. It is certain that marine cyclostomes do not maintain hyper- tonicity by urea retention, nor are they as dilute as Fig. 21. Concentration of blood (Ai) as a function of external concentration (Ao): O the elasmobranch Scyllium; • in a fresh-water eel; in a carp X when transferred directly, and ? when adapted gradually to dilute sea water; and ® in a frog (Rana). Data from Duval.'^ A PREDOMINANTLY FRESH-WATER GROUP; AMPHIBIA The amphibia are a group of
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 52 Comparative Animal Physiology a weak condition. It is certain that marine cyclostomes do not maintain hyper- tonicity by urea retention, nor are they as dilute as Fig. 21. Concentration of blood (Ai) as a function of external concentration (Ao): O the elasmobranch Scyllium; • in a fresh-water eel; in a carp X when transferred directly, and ? when adapted gradually to dilute sea water; and ® in a frog (Rana). Data from Duval.'^ A PREDOMINANTLY FRESH-WATER GROUP; AMPHIBIA The amphibia are a group of fresh-water animals. Some are permanently aquatic; others spend at least a part of their life on land. Eggs are laid either in water or in a very moist environment. The blood of a frog is hypertonic to pond water (Rnwn blood Ai^, Bufo serum Ai=). ^'^ The urine is hypotonic to the blood and is more copious in a dilute than in a concentrated medium. Bottazzi adapted frogs to salt solutions, resulting in the following values: Ai A. The osmotic behavior of frogs has been extensively studied. Krogh^"*'^ summarizes Overton's observations, and Adolph^- '^ reviews the work by himself and his students. If the cloaca of a frog is tied shut and the frog is left in pond or tap water, the body weight increases; when the cloaca is later. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Prosser, C. Ladd (Clifford Ladd), 1907-; Bishop, David W. Philadelphia, Saunders
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