. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology. . Fig. 5 a, b, Paraorthograptus typicus Mu; a, Cat. No. 21418a, counterpart of the holotype (better preserved than the part) from the Wufeng Shale north of Yichang, central China, showing the characteristic long, paired genicular spines of the species but with the proximal end missing (a rhabdosome of Climacograptus longispinus supernus Elles & Wood lies diagonally across its proxi- mal end), x 5; b, unfigured specimen of P. typicus, with a complete proximal end, occurring on the same slab as the holotype, x 5. c-f,
. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology. . Fig. 5 a, b, Paraorthograptus typicus Mu; a, Cat. No. 21418a, counterpart of the holotype (better preserved than the part) from the Wufeng Shale north of Yichang, central China, showing the characteristic long, paired genicular spines of the species but with the proximal end missing (a rhabdosome of Climacograptus longispinus supernus Elles & Wood lies diagonally across its proxi- mal end), x 5; b, unfigured specimen of P. typicus, with a complete proximal end, occurring on the same slab as the holotype, x 5. c-f, 415038—415401, rhabdosomes of Paraorthograptus pacificus (Ruedemann) from the Phi Kappa Formation at Trail Creek, Idaho, , near the type locality of the species, showing their characteristic short genicular spines, both paired and triple, and stubby form; note the tectonic deformation undergone by specimens of Figs 5c and d lying normal to each other, x 5. g-j, 56899, 56895, 56900 and 56901, respectively, topotypes of Pseudoclimacograptus manitoulinensis (Caley) from the upper Whitby Formation, 5 km south of Little Current west side of Rt 68, Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada; g-i, growth series showing distinct fusellar rings, x 10; j, detail of thecal excavations showing everted thecal apertures and well-developed genicular lappets strengthened by a selvage, x 20. k, Cat. No. 82816, proximal end of P. typicus figured as Paraorthograptus innotatus (Nicholson) by Lin & Chen (1984: pi. 4, fig. 7), showing the spinose processes typical of the species: virgella, antivirgellar spines, mesial spine on th 1' and genicular spines, x 10. 1-n, Paraclimacograptus innotatus (Nicholson), topotypes from the lower Birkhill Shale (Lower Silurian) at Dob's Linn, southern Scotland; 1, SM A20222, specimen figured by Elles & Wood (1906: pi. 27, fig. 10a) as a 'typical specimen' (but not the 'type' of Nicholson), x 5; m, n, SM A20232 (op. cit.: pi. 27, fig. 10
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