. The Bell System technical journal . 4Tthe diagrams are symmetrical about both the horizontal and verticalaxes of the figure, whereas for other phases the figures are asymmetricalabout the vertical axis except for certain limiting cases. Of theseasymmetrical diagrams, that corresponding to phase and spacial sepa-rations both of Ii (Fig. 3b) is of particular importance and formsthe basis of the so-called reflector effect. This particular combinationof two sources is referred to later as a unidirectional couplet.^ In 2 Loc. cit. * In this, and in other cases in this paper, radiation is referred
. The Bell System technical journal . 4Tthe diagrams are symmetrical about both the horizontal and verticalaxes of the figure, whereas for other phases the figures are asymmetricalabout the vertical axis except for certain limiting cases. Of theseasymmetrical diagrams, that corresponding to phase and spacial sepa-rations both of Ii (Fig. 3b) is of particular importance and formsthe basis of the so-called reflector effect. This particular combinationof two sources is referred to later as a unidirectional couplet.^ In 2 Loc. cit. * In this, and in other cases in this paper, radiation is referred to as unidirectionalwhen sensibly more power is propagated in one direction than in others. 68 BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL. ^ Q. a> rtf-c ^ -T-1 2 a in a> c■5 CAIN OF DIRECTIVE ANTENNAS 69 passing it is also of interest to note that the diagram of the coil orframe aerial as generally used is intermediate between Figs. 3c and3d. Its diagram would not differ essentially from its neighbors, , 3e, or 3f, except for scale. This scale may conveniently be regardedas a measure of the impedance of the device, or possibly its radiationefficiency, but not necessarily a measure of its usefulness. Fig. 4 shows similar diagrams resulting from 16 antennas for vari-ous phase and space relations. As in Fig. 3, diagrams in the top andbottom rows corresponding respectively to phases of 0 and K^ T aresymmetrical about both the horizontal and vertical axes. The dia-grams in the top row are in general bidirectional, while the bottom rowhas one bidirectional diagram corresponding to phase and spacedifferences both equal to >^. It is of interest that for the most partcases where the phase and space separatio
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