. Principles of irrigation engineering, arid lands, water supply, storage works, dams, canals, water rights and products. plank faceon the upper slope of the dam. The interior spaces between thebents are in general filled with loose rock to give the structure greaterstability, although this is not absolutely necessary, safety beinginsured by the strength of the bents and the water load on the flatupper face. The lower toe should be protected by means of an apron carriedwell down-stream. The lower end of this apron should be furtherprotected by means of piling or rock. The force of the water ma
. Principles of irrigation engineering, arid lands, water supply, storage works, dams, canals, water rights and products. plank faceon the upper slope of the dam. The interior spaces between thebents are in general filled with loose rock to give the structure greaterstability, although this is not absolutely necessary, safety beinginsured by the strength of the bents and the water load on the flatupper face. The lower toe should be protected by means of an apron carriedwell down-stream. The lower end of this apron should be furtherprotected by means of piling or rock. The force of the water mayalso be broken by constructing the lower face of the dam in stepsor on an incline. TIMBER DAMS 209 A layer of loose rock or earth and gravel should be placed on theupper face of the dam for some distance above the toe or in placeof this a mass of concrete making a more permanent structure asshown in Fig. 41. Upper ApproacliExcavated to u 2-8 Boat Spikesto each Section of Dam 6 Hewn Timbers 16Lonc, Laid Closeaud Secured to Logs with 2-Hi 12Boat Spikes at each Intersection -J3 JOS ado*:? m3>. Bottom of ConcreteBottom of Stone Filling . All Logs 12tn the Butt., , Log Drift Bolts IBd. 20long, l^Ba* filled with Plan of Dam , Selected Material / // \ 6 Hewn Timbers^o-^-SC »Long. Laid 2~^,p,—^1 r apart, and Secured
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectirrigat, bookyear1913
