Pacific municipalities . ady to collapse,due to the action of the frost. The Montana Agricultural College issued a Bulletin No. 69 on The Effect ofAlkali on Portland Cement, in which they advise against the use of cement inalkali soils. I am advised that Cement Tile, at North Bend, used for drainage purposes,fell to pieces in eighteen months, due to alkali in the soil. Frost also has a ten- PACIFIC MUNICIPALITIES 59 dency to destroy concrete pipe either by the water freezing in the pipe or by theheaving of the earth during the winter by freezing and thawing. The amount of land to be drained sh
Pacific municipalities . ady to collapse,due to the action of the frost. The Montana Agricultural College issued a Bulletin No. 69 on The Effect ofAlkali on Portland Cement, in which they advise against the use of cement inalkali soils. I am advised that Cement Tile, at North Bend, used for drainage purposes,fell to pieces in eighteen months, due to alkali in the soil. Frost also has a ten- PACIFIC MUNICIPALITIES 59 dency to destroy concrete pipe either by the water freezing in the pipe or by theheaving of the earth during the winter by freezing and thawing. The amount of land to be drained should be considered when determiningthe diameter of a culvert, and it is always better to get it a size larger to allow foremergency. In laying culverts, they should be laid as nearly level as possible,and they are less liable to wash out than by giving them too much slope. I have endeavored to give you my experience from conditions as they existin Saunders County, and possibly a different treatment is required ONE OF THE MANY PART CIRCLE AMERICAN INGOT IRON CULVERTS INSTALLED IN THE CITY OF FRESNO, UNDER DIRECTION OF MR. , CITY ENGINEER, THE MAN IN THE AUTOMOBILE -^ ASSESSORS DUTIES WITH MODEL FORMS, RECORDS AND MAPS. BY D. D. KELLOGG, ASSESSOR OF PASADENA Before the Department of Clerks, Auditors and Assessors at San Diego, Xov. 16, 1910 The Assessor or administrative head of the assessing department should beappointed and not elected; and when appointed should only be removed for causeafter a hearing. Associated with the Assessor there should be an advisory board who togetherwith him should act as a board of review and pass on all questions which shouldproperly be submitted to the board rather than to a single official. In small cities a board of two or three members would be sufficient, and theirduties would probably be confined to reviewing the work of the Assessor, whichwould take only a few weeks in the course of the assessment period. In small citie
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