. Vanishing England . me por-tions of them and sorely tried their hearts. But theyhave been kept in good preservation and repaired attimes, and the part on the west of the Ouse is especiallywell preserved. You can see some Norman and EarlyEnglish work, but the bulk of it belongs to Edwardiantimes, when York played a great part in the history ofEngland, and King Edward I made it his capital duringthe war with Scotland, and all the great nobles of Eng-land sojourned there. Edward II spent much time there,and the minster saw the marriage of his son. Thesewalls were often sorely needed to check th
. Vanishing England . me por-tions of them and sorely tried their hearts. But theyhave been kept in good preservation and repaired attimes, and the part on the west of the Ouse is especiallywell preserved. You can see some Norman and EarlyEnglish work, but the bulk of it belongs to Edwardiantimes, when York played a great part in the history ofEngland, and King Edward I made it his capital duringthe war with Scotland, and all the great nobles of Eng-land sojourned there. Edward II spent much time there,and the minster saw the marriage of his son. Thesewalls were often sorely needed to check the inroads ofthe Scots. After Bannockburn fifteen thousand of thesenorthern warriors advanced to the gates of York. Thefour gates of the city are very remarkable. MicklegateBar consists of a square tower built over a circular arch of OLD WALLED TOWNS 49 Norman date with embattled turrets at the angles. On itthe heads of traitors were formerly exposed. It bears onits front the arms of France as well as those of ^...^?v. _ Melias Passage, York \ Bootham Bar is the main entrance from the north, andhas a Norman arch with later additions and turrets withnarrow slits for the discharge of arrows. It saw the burn-ing of the suburb of Bootham in 1265 and much blood-shed, when a mighty quarrel raged between the citizens4 5o VANISHING ENGLAND and the monks of the Abbey of St. Mary owing to theabuse of the privilege of sanctuary possessed by themonastery. Monk Bar has nothing to do with former name was Goodramgate, and after the Restora-tion it was changed to Monk Bar in honour of GeneralMonk. The present structure was probably built in thefourteenth century. Walmgate Bar, a strong, formidablestructure, was built in the reign of Edward I, and as wehave said, it is the only gate that retains its curious barbi-can, originally built in the time of Edward III and rebuiltin 1648. The inner front of the gate has been alteredfrom its original form in order to secure more accom-
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