. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. fee, at the it developed far more strength and solidaritybottom, to the king at the top, who was the than any of the others. It was the first real state to emerge from theuniversal wTeckage. Itbecame at last a wide andvigorous political reality,and from it are derivedtwo great powers ofmodern Europe, Franceand the German founder was Clovis(481-511), who began asa small king in Belgiumand ended with hissouthern frontiers nearlyat the Pyrenees. Hedivided his kingdomamong his four sons,but the Franks retaineda tradit
. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. fee, at the it developed far more strength and solidaritybottom, to the king at the top, who was the than any of the others. It was the first real state to emerge from theuniversal wTeckage. Itbecame at last a wide andvigorous political reality,and from it are derivedtwo great powers ofmodern Europe, Franceand the German founder was Clovis(481-511), who began asa small king in Belgiumand ended with hissouthern frontiers nearlyat the Pyrenees. Hedivided his kingdomamong his four sons,but the Franks retaineda tradition of unity inspite of this division,and for a time fraternalwars for a single controlunited rather thandivided them. A moreserious split arose, how-ever, through the Latini-zation of the WesternFranks, who occupiedRomanized Gaul and whosupreme landowner, or who held the kingdom learnt to speak the corrupt Latin of the sub-from God. . ^ ject population, while the Franks of the But this v/as the theory that was super- Rhinelandretained their Low German imposed upon the established facts. Thereality of feudalism was its voluntaryco-operation. The feudal state was one in which, ithas been said, private law had usurped theplace of public law. But rather is it truerthat public law had failed and vanished andprivate law had come in to fill the duty had become private obligation. At a low level of civilization, differencesin language cause very powerful politicalstrains. For a hundred and fifty yearsthe Frankish world was split in two,Neustria, the nucleus of France, speakinga Latinish speech, which became atlast the French language we know, andAustrasia, the Rhineland, which remainedGerman. 2 §3 Wo have already mentioned variouskingdoms of the barbarian tribes who setup a more or less flimsy dominion over thisor that area amidst the debris of the empire, ^ Encyclopcedia Briiannica, article Feudalism,by Professor G. B. AdaoLS. * The Pranks diiTered from the Sw
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