. The elements of botany for beginners and for schools. Plants. 158 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. [SECTION 17. miliate upward in a leaf-stalk. The subterranean trunk or stem of any strong-growing herbaceous Fern shows a similar structure. Most Ferns are circinate in the bud; that is, are rolled up in the manner shown in Fig. 197. Uncoiling as they grow, they have some likeness to a crosier. 487. The fructification of Ferns is borne on the back or under side of the leaves. The early botanists thought this such a peculiarity that they 502. 505 508 always called a Fern-leaf a Frond, and its
. The elements of botany for beginners and for schools. Plants. 158 CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. [SECTION 17. miliate upward in a leaf-stalk. The subterranean trunk or stem of any strong-growing herbaceous Fern shows a similar structure. Most Ferns are circinate in the bud; that is, are rolled up in the manner shown in Fig. 197. Uncoiling as they grow, they have some likeness to a crosier. 487. The fructification of Ferns is borne on the back or under side of the leaves. The early botanists thought this such a peculiarity that they 502. 505 508 always called a Fern-leaf a Frond, and its petiole a Stipe. Usage con- tinues these terms, although they are superfluous. The fruit of Ferns consists of Spore-cases, technically Sporangia, which grow out of the veins of the leaf. Sometimes these are distributed over the whole lower Fig. 501. The Walking-Fern, Camptosorus, reduced in size, showing its fruit- dots on the veins approximated in pairs. 502. A small piece (pinnule) of a Shield-Fern: a row of fruit-dots on each side of the midrib, each covered by its kidney-shaped indusium. 503. A spore-case from the latter, just bursting by the partial straightening of the incomplete ring; well magnified. 504. Three of the spores of 509, more magnified. 505. Schizsea pusilla, a very small and simple- leaved Fern, drawn nearly of natui'al size. 506. One of the lobes of its fruit- bearing portion, magnified, bearing two rows of spore-cases. 507. Spore-case of the latter, detached, opening lengthwise. 508. Adder-tongue, Ophioglossum: spore-cases in a kind of spike: a, a portion of the fruiting part, about natural size; showing two rows of the firm spore-cases, which open transversely into two Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Gray, Asa, 1810-1888. New York : American Book Company
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