Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . f the masses, unless wheat is thecommon and indispensable food of the people. The well-knownwriter of tracts on the corn trade estimated in 1764 that nothalf the people habitually eat wheaten bread; rye, oats, andbarley Avere used by the rest. But it is clear that the use ofwheaten bread was fast spreading ; rye bread and barley breadbegan to be looked upon with a sort of horror, and labourers LABOUR AND rAU
Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . f the masses, unless wheat is thecommon and indispensable food of the people. The well-knownwriter of tracts on the corn trade estimated in 1764 that nothalf the people habitually eat wheaten bread; rye, oats, andbarley Avere used by the rest. But it is clear that the use ofwheaten bread was fast spreading ; rye bread and barley breadbegan to be looked upon with a sort of horror, and labourers LABOUR AND rAUPERISM. 457 1784] would say they had lost their rye-teeth. The years of scarcityafter 1762 affected all (^ And these years prices were onlythe forerunner of an unparalleled advance (Eden). It iscertain, on the whole, that before 1784, for the poorer agriculturallabourers with families, a terrible and hopeless struggle hadalready begun. Eighteenth century society was soon to com-mence paying a heavy price for its settlement laws and cornlaws, its extravagant wars, its neglect of education, and heaviestof all for its belated remorse and its ill-considered attemptsat FRANCIS 3IASERES, CURSITOR BAROX OF THE {A/to- rharUs Hayter, 1S15.) Between the severe Vagrancy Act of 1744 and Gilberts Act, Attempted1782, there is a marked change in the tone of literature andpolitical discussion on the subject of the poor, a change whichgives warning that an era is opening of philanthropy and ofsociology. When Fielding, in 1753, proposed to leave the im-potent poor to charity, and to force the idle to work at wagesassessed, he also wanted work provided for the unemployed asstated in the Act of 1601 : and he sums up with this reflection All will allow that the poor are now ill-provided for and worsegoverned . . their sutterinijs are less observed than their 458 AX ERA OF XEW DEPARTURES. Old AgePensionand In-suranceSchemes. GilbertsAct. [1742 misdeeds . . tliev starve
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