Triumphs and wonders of the 19th century, the true mirror of a phenomenal era, a volume of original, entertaining and instructive historic and descriptive writings, showing the many and marvellous achievements which distinguish an hundred years of material, intellectual, social and moral progress .. . the powder to be thrown out unconsumed, while a much greaterlength would retard the projectile by subjecting it to the friction of thebore after the maximum force of the powder had been reached. This ac-counts for the greatly increased length of the modern cannon. A changein the method of gun con
Triumphs and wonders of the 19th century, the true mirror of a phenomenal era, a volume of original, entertaining and instructive historic and descriptive writings, showing the many and marvellous achievements which distinguish an hundred years of material, intellectual, social and moral progress .. . the powder to be thrown out unconsumed, while a much greaterlength would retard the projectile by subjecting it to the friction of thebore after the maximum force of the powder had been reached. This ac-counts for the greatly increased length of the modern cannon. A changein the method of gun construction has accordingly become necessary. Gunsare no longer made of cast iron, but are built up of steel. The explo-sion of the powder is, of course, exerted in every direction, against thebore and sides of the piece as well as against the base of the produces two strains; a longitudinal strain which is exerted in-thedirection of of the piece, and a transverse strain which tends toburst the gun. It is necessary, therefore, to have the piece so strong,especially at the points of first explosion, as to counteract these strains,and thus cause the entire force to be exerted upon the projectile in thedirection of the least resistance. This strength, or initial tension, is. 300 TRIUMPHS AND WONDERS OF THE XIXth CENTURY obtained by shrinking cylinders of steel over the original cylinder of thepiece, each outer cylinder or jacket being a few thousandths of an inchsmaller in its interior diameter than the outer diameter of the cylinderwhich it incloses, and being expanded by heating to a sufficient degree toenable it to be slipped over the latter. Upon cooling, the jacket exerts aconstant and powerful force of compression, which counteracts the outwardpressure of the force of explosion. The longitudinal strain is less dan-gerous than the other, and is usually counteracted by an interlocking ofsome of the cylinders or hoops, to which the strain is transmitted f
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookidtri, booksubjectinventions
