. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Figure 17. Repsold-Bessei reversibli pendulum appa- ratus as made in [875, and used in the gravity work of the I s < oasi and Geodetic Survey. Continental desists continued to favor the general use of convertible pendulums and absolute determinations ol gravity, while their English colleagues had turned to invariable pi min- iums and relative determinations, except ibi base stations. Perhaps the Rrsl important American contribution to gravity work was (!, s. Peirce's demonstration of the error inherent in the Repsold apparatus through fle
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Figure 17. Repsold-Bessei reversibli pendulum appa- ratus as made in [875, and used in the gravity work of the I s < oasi and Geodetic Survey. Continental desists continued to favor the general use of convertible pendulums and absolute determinations ol gravity, while their English colleagues had turned to invariable pi min- iums and relative determinations, except ibi base stations. Perhaps the Rrsl important American contribution to gravity work was (!, s. Peirce's demonstration of the error inherent in the Repsold apparatus through flexure of die stand. Peirce. I'pon receiving notice of his appointment, the latter promptly ordered from the Repsolds a pendulum similar to the Prussian instrument. Since the linn of mechanicians was engaged in making instruments for observations of the transit of Venus in. tire [8. ( harles Sander Pi sta 1839-1914), son of Benjamin Peine. Perkins Professor of Vstronomj and M it Harvard College. C. S. Peirce graduated from Harvard in 1859. From 1873 to i8gi, as an assistant at the 1 .S. ( oast and Geodetic Survey, he accomplished the important gravimetric work described in this arti- cle. Peirce was also interested in many other fields, but above all in the logic, philosophy, and history of science, in which he wrote extensively. His greatest fame is in philosophy, where he is regarded as the founder of pragmatism. 1874, the pendulum foi the < oast Sun ey could not be constructed immediately. Meanwhile, during the years 1873-1874, Charles Peirce conducted a party which made observations ol gravity in the Tunnel near North Adams, and at Northampton and Cambridge, Massachusetts. The pendulums used were nonreversible, invariable pendulums with 11 bobs. Among them was a silver pendulum, but similar pendulums of brass were used 56 The pendulums with conical bobs are described and illus- trated in E. D. Preston, "Determinations of Gravity and the Magnetic Elemen
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