. The molecular rearrangement of carbon compounds. owed thatbenzidine is not a primary but a secondary product in the reduc-tion, and that this compound is the result of the transformationof the intermediate substance hydrazobenzene which first showed that hydrazobenzene and benzidine were isomeric butthat their properties are entirely different. His explanationof the mechanism of this rearrangement is that there are two dis-tinct phases which characterize the formation of benzidine, Inthe first place, says he, the molecule of azobenzene assimi-lates a molecxae of hydrogen, but this h
. The molecular rearrangement of carbon compounds. owed thatbenzidine is not a primary but a secondary product in the reduc-tion, and that this compound is the result of the transformationof the intermediate substance hydrazobenzene which first showed that hydrazobenzene and benzidine were isomeric butthat their properties are entirely different. His explanationof the mechanism of this rearrangement is that there are two dis-tinct phases which characterize the formation of benzidine, Inthe first place, says he, the molecule of azobenzene assimi-lates a molecxae of hydrogen, but this hydrogen remains in a veryfeeble state of combination, being eliminated by a great varietyof agents* It is only under the influence of acids that the hy-drogen molecule becomes incorporated in the system, if I may usethis expression, sind fixed benzidine, a substance of stabilityis formed, H H The investigation was taken up later by Schultz^ whodiscovered that a small amount of a second isomer, diphenylene,was simultaneously formed with Diphenylene In 1884 Schultz^ continued his research on hydrazo com-pounds and found that rearrangement took place by treating these 5 substances with stannous chloride, thus forming derivatives ofbenzidine and diphenylene together with a small amount of ani-line. Both Erdmann^ and Teichmann^ obtained hydrazobenzene bythe reduction of nitrobenzene. This hydrazobenzene was found toundergo the usual rearrangement into benzidine. The same results were found by Lob® when nitrobenzenewas reduced electrolytically in an alcoholic hydrochloric acidsolution. The benzidine rearrangement was investigated later by q Chattaway who confirmed the resxilts obtained by previous in-vestigators in this field. In regard to the mechanism of thechange, he says: Much that is known of similar isomeric changespoints to the conclusion that transference from nitrogen to thering can only take place when the nitrogen is exerting its high-er valency. This may expl
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