. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. PRINCIPLES OF STOCK-FEEDING 83 abstract heat from the animal, as common exper- ience shows. In a moist climate, therefore, animals are more likely to suffer from exposure to cold than in a dry climate, but so far as cattle are concerned the indications are that outside feeding is quite practicable in most if not all parts of the United States. (3) Shelter.—The question of shelter for meat- producing animals involves much more than the mere matter of temperature. In particular, shelter from precipitation (rain or snow) seems to be
. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. PRINCIPLES OF STOCK-FEEDING 83 abstract heat from the animal, as common exper- ience shows. In a moist climate, therefore, animals are more likely to suffer from exposure to cold than in a dry climate, but so far as cattle are concerned the indications are that outside feeding is quite practicable in most if not all parts of the United States. (3) Shelter.—The question of shelter for meat- producing animals involves much more than the mere matter of temperature. In particular, shelter from precipitation (rain or snow) seems to be a matter of considerable importance. When the coat of an animal becomes thoroughly wet, a large amount of heat is required to evaporate the mois- ture and this may readily overpass the limit beyond which ill effects are produced. This seems to be especially true of sheep as compared with cattle. Furthermore, a dry bed is of importance. In the. Fig. 72. Modes of feeding. Bank silo in British Columbia. first place, the heating of wet bedding and espe- cially the melting of snow requires the expenditure of a large amount of animal heat, while, in the second place, comfortable quarters are important, as already noted, in inducing the animal to lie down freely. A shelter is also of some importance as a windbreak. Moving air abstracts heat from the body much more rapidly than still air of the same temperature and humidity. (4) Water-supply.—A sufficient water-supply is important for all classes of animals. With our domestic animals the normal consumption is three to four times that of the dry matter of the food. When practicable, the water-supply should be always accessible. The temperature of the water for fat- tening animals is probably rather unimportant, since, as has been seen, such animals are usually producing an excess of heat. It is not impossible, however, that the drinking at one time of much very cold water may temporarily require an increased production of heat to w
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