Practical sanitation; a handbook for sanitary inspectors and others;with apxon Sanitary law, by Herbert Manley . ion of friction. Manholes ought to be introduced at intervals of not lessthan 100 yards, and the convenient sites for these are wheretributary sewers join, but, as already stated, it is essentialto construct one at each point where the sewer has to alter itsstraight course. The same holds good in the case of the drainsof all well-drained establishments; the satisfaction of being ableto look through, and to pass a rod through from one end to theother of the drains and their tributari
Practical sanitation; a handbook for sanitary inspectors and others;with apxon Sanitary law, by Herbert Manley . ion of friction. Manholes ought to be introduced at intervals of not lessthan 100 yards, and the convenient sites for these are wheretributary sewers join, but, as already stated, it is essentialto construct one at each point where the sewer has to alter itsstraight course. The same holds good in the case of the drainsof all well-drained establishments; the satisfaction of being ableto look through, and to pass a rod through from one end to theother of the drains and their tributaries, amply repays the extraoutlay. * For an excellent description of the method of calculating the flow ofwater through pipes see the volume on Wa,ter Works, Weales RudimentarySeries 84 PKACTICAL SANITATION. A manhole chamber (Fig. 36), is built of brick-work set incement, and the drain or sewer is continued along the floor ofthe chamber by means of open half-channel pipes set in a bed otconcrete. The surface of the concrete should be raised someinches above the edges of the half-channel pipes to prevent the. Fig. 36. sewage from overflowing on to the floor of the chamber, and itshould he floated with cement all over so as to present a smoothand impervious surface. At points along the main channeltributary drains are connected by means of curved half-channelssimilarly laid in concrete, the junctions being formed by specialhalf-channel junctions being introduced in the course of th,e SANITARY AND INSANITARY WORK AND APPLIANCES. 85 main channel at these points. All street manholes should befitted with a perforated iron lid to allow of the free circulationof air in the sewers (see p. 88), a bucket or tray being suspendedunder the perforations to catch any dirt that may enter from theroad. In the case of private drains, the manhole lids shouldbe air-tight, with the exception of the terminal one, which oughtto be perforated for the admission of air to pass along the drainsand up the
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