. From trail to railway through the Appalachians . hence one sees alongthe river below the city many blast furnaces, rolling-mills, and factories. To the northeast rich, open landsstretch along the base of Blue mountain, and railroadsjoin Harrisburg to Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, andEaston. To the southwest bridges cross the Susque-hanna, and roads run to Carlisle, Hagerstown, and othercities of the Great Valley (Chapter XI). 8o FROM TRAIL TO RAILWAY Thus the Pennsylvania Railroad, running northwestfrom Philadelphia, crosses at Harrisburg other roadsthat run to the southwest. As hamlets oft
. From trail to railway through the Appalachians . hence one sees alongthe river below the city many blast furnaces, rolling-mills, and factories. To the northeast rich, open landsstretch along the base of Blue mountain, and railroadsjoin Harrisburg to Reading, Allentown, Bethlehem, andEaston. To the southwest bridges cross the Susque-hanna, and roads run to Carlisle, Hagerstown, and othercities of the Great Valley (Chapter XI). 8o FROM TRAIL TO RAILWAY Thus the Pennsylvania Railroad, running northwestfrom Philadelphia, crosses at Harrisburg other roadsthat run to the southwest. As hamlets often gatherabout four corners in the country, so cities grow upwhere the great roads of the world cross each other. Leaving Harris-burg behind, we passthe splendid newbridge of the Pennsyl-vania Railroad, acrossthe Susquehanna (), and go throughthe gap in Blue moun-tain. Soon we turnaway from the mainriver and enter thewinding valley of theJuniata. The gradesare easy, the roadbedis smooth, and by deepcuts through the rocksthe curves have been. Fig. 30. Pennsylvania RailroadShops, Altoona made less abrupt. It is only when one looks out of thecar window that the land is found to be rugged andmountainous. All the greater valleys and ridges of the mountain beltof Pennsylvania run northeast and southwest. The last ofthese to be crossed on our journey is Bald Eagle valley,from which the Allegheny Front rises to the northwest. In this valley, near the place where the Portage Rail-way began to scale the heights, and a little more than a THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 8l hundred miles fromPittsburg, the Penn-sylvania RailroadCompany in 1850founded a town andcalled it they startedshops, which havenow grown to notableimportance. Thetown became a cityeighteen years afterit was begun, and hasto-day about fortythousand inhabit-ants. In the rail-way shops alone maybe found nine thou-sand men repairingand building locomo-tives, passengercoaches, and freightcars. The Pennsyl-vania R
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