. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 520 Comparative Animal Physiology Equilibrium Orientation in Vertebrates. Numerous experiments on the effects of labyrinthectomy have been reported on a great variety of ani- ^^js '8. 30,:«, 34, 39, 50, 68 Removal of onc labyrinth produces an ab- normal posture in which the head and neck are bent toward the operated side. In the absence of other sensory cues (see below), this abnormal reaction is always present and is called a primary symptom. Other symptoms of ab- normal posture appear after the opera
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 520 Comparative Animal Physiology Equilibrium Orientation in Vertebrates. Numerous experiments on the effects of labyrinthectomy have been reported on a great variety of ani- ^^js '8. 30,:«, 34, 39, 50, 68 Removal of onc labyrinth produces an ab- normal posture in which the head and neck are bent toward the operated side. In the absence of other sensory cues (see below), this abnormal reaction is always present and is called a primary symptom. Other symptoms of ab- normal posture appear after the operation but gradually subside, until the orientation and response of the organism is normal. These are called secondary symptoms. Most animals with only one labyrinth typically re- ^ 25 =. seconds Fig. 190. Relation of spike potential discharge frequency to rotation (A, ipsilateral, and B, contralateral) at constant speed of 36 degrees per second, as a function of time. The horizontal lines indicate the frequency level of spontaneous activity at the onset of each experiment. Note the early occurrence of a maximum change followed by tendency to level off above and below the spontaneous discharge level. From Lowenstein and ;' spond to rotation in both directions, suggesting that onc labyrinth is capable of serving an organism satisfactorily, a suggestion confirmed by the study (;f impulses in labyrinthine nerves. The removal of both labyrinths produces effects which differ in animals. Frogs thus prepared'' maintain an\' imposed posture of which they are capable. Mammals, except rabbits and guinea pigs, seem to behave quite normally, provided the eyes are intact, except under two circumstances. When a bilaterally labyrinthcctomized animal is placed in water, orienta-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the ori
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