A dictionary of Greek and Roman . on{Journey from India, p. 249), and C. Fellows,{Journal, pp. 70, 333). The corn is threshed upona circular floor {area, akoju), either paved, madeof hardened clay, or of the natural rock. It is firstheaped in the centre, and a person is constantlyoccupied in throwing the sheaves under the dragas the oxen draw it round. Lucas and Fellowshave given prints representing the tribula as now TRIBUNUS. used in the East. The verb tribulare (Cato, de ReRust. 23), and the verbal noun tribulatio were ap-plied in a secondary sense to denote affliction ingener
A dictionary of Greek and Roman . on{Journey from India, p. 249), and C. Fellows,{Journal, pp. 70, 333). The corn is threshed upona circular floor {area, akoju), either paved, madeof hardened clay, or of the natural rock. It is firstheaped in the centre, and a person is constantlyoccupied in throwing the sheaves under the dragas the oxen draw it round. Lucas and Fellowshave given prints representing the tribula as now TRIBUNUS. used in the East. The verb tribulare (Cato, de ReRust. 23), and the verbal noun tribulatio were ap-plied in a secondary sense to denote affliction ingeneral. [J- Y.] TRFBULUS {rpi§o\os), a caltrop, also calledmurex. (Val. Max. iii. 7. § 2 ; Curt. iv. 13. § 36.)When a place was beset with troops, the one partyendeavoured to impede the cavalry of the otherparty either by throwing before them caltrops,which necessarily lay with one of their four sharppoints turned upwards, or by burying the cal-trops with one point at the surface of the ground.(Veget. de Re Mil. iii. 24; Jul. Afric. 69, ap. Vet. Math. Graec. p. 311.) The annexed woodcut istaken from a bronze caltrop figured by Cavlus{Recueil, iv. pi. 98). [J. Y.] TRIBUNAL (/STjytto), a raised platform, or, touse the term adopted from the French, tribune, onwhich the praetor and judices sat in the is described under Basilica (p. 199). There was a tribunal in the camp, which wasgenerally formed of turf, but sometimes, in a sta-tionary camp, of stone, from which the generaladdressed the soldiers, and where the consul andtribunes of the soldiers administered the general addressed the army from thetribunal, the standards were planted in front of it,and the army placed round it in order. The ad-dress itself was called Allocutio. (Plut. Pomp. 41;Lipsius, de Milit. Rom. iv. 9 ; Castra.) A tribunal was sometimes erected in honour of adeceased imperator, as, for example, the one raisedto the memory of Germanicus. (Tacit.^4?z«a^.ii,83.) Pliny {H. N. xvi. 1) applie
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