. Elements of modern chemistry . OH = KCl -f H^O Potassium hydrate. Px)tassium chloride. Hydrochloric acid is then a true acid although it contains nooxygen, for it contains an atom of hydrogen that is replaceableby an atom of metal. In its action upon potassium hydrate itresembles nitric acid, for this acid also contains one atom ofhydrogen, which is replaceable by an atom of metal. HNO^ + KOH = KNO^ + H^O Nitric acid. Potassium nitrate. It is seen that the acids are compounds containing a stronglyelectro-negative atom or group of atoms, united with hydrogen,which hydrogen can be replaced by
. Elements of modern chemistry . OH = KCl -f H^O Potassium hydrate. Px)tassium chloride. Hydrochloric acid is then a true acid although it contains nooxygen, for it contains an atom of hydrogen that is replaceableby an atom of metal. In its action upon potassium hydrate itresembles nitric acid, for this acid also contains one atom ofhydrogen, which is replaceable by an atom of metal. HNO^ + KOH = KNO^ + H^O Nitric acid. Potassium nitrate. It is seen that the acids are compounds containing a stronglyelectro-negative atom or group of atoms, united with hydrogen,which hydrogen can be replaced by a metal. In nitric acid,H(NO^), the group NO^ plays the part taken by chlorine in OXYGEN COMPOUNDS OF CHLORINE; 121 hydrochloric acid; like the chlorine, it renders the hydrogenreplaceable by a metal. The action of hydrochloric acid upon the metallic oxides isanalogous to that which it exerts upon the hydrates. If a current of hydrochloric acid be passed over mercuricoxide contained in a tube (Fig. 45), the oxide becomes heated,. Fig. 45. and is converted into a white powder which is mercuric chlo-ride ; at the same time water is formed and condenses in thebulb. HgO + 2HC1 = HgCP + H^O Mercuric oxide. Mercuric chloride. OXYGIEN COMPOUNDS OF CHLOKINE. With oxygen, chlorine forms compounds which may be an-hydrous or hydrated; the latter are oxides are: Hypochlorous oxide Cl^O Chlorous oxide Cl^QS Chlorine peroxide Cl^O* The acids are : • Hypochlorous acid HCIO Chlorous acid HCIO^ Chloric acid HCIO^ Perchloric acid HCIO* F 11 122 ELEMENTS OF MODERN CHEMISTRY. HYPOCHLOROUS OXIDE AND ACID. Hypochlorous oxide is prepared by passing a current of drychlorine over mercuric oxide contained in a tube surroundedby cold water, and may be condensed in a long-necked matrassplaced in a freezing mixture (Fig. 46). HgO + 2CP = HgCP + CPO Mercuric oxide. Mercuric chloride.
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