The earth and its inhabitants .. . earthitsinhabita583recl Year: 1883 FIXLAXD : GOVERNMENT. 225 109.—The Saima Canal. Scale 1 : 500,000. one in twenty can write in the northern province of Uleâborg. Even in some of the southern districts, where fixed schools are numerous, no more than one-third of the pupils acquire this art. The Swedes of Finland are always comparatively better instructed than the Finns proper. The first Swedish newspaper appeared at Abo in 1771, the first Finnish in 1776, since when periodical literature has made rapid progress. Half of all the journals are published in the
The earth and its inhabitants .. . earthitsinhabita583recl Year: 1883 FIXLAXD : GOVERNMENT. 225 109.—The Saima Canal. Scale 1 : 500,000. one in twenty can write in the northern province of Uleâborg. Even in some of the southern districts, where fixed schools are numerous, no more than one-third of the pupils acquire this art. The Swedes of Finland are always comparatively better instructed than the Finns proper. The first Swedish newspaper appeared at Abo in 1771, the first Finnish in 1776, since when periodical literature has made rapid progress. Half of all the journals are published in the capital. The Grand Duchy of Finland is united to Russia both in the person of the Czar and in all its outward relations. The administration of foreign affairs is the Slime for both countries, and several departments, such as the telegraphic service, are under Russian control. The local government, which in all essen- tials has preserved the old Swedish constitution, is in prin- ciple an absolute monarchy ac- cording to the forms of the ancient Swedish monarchy. But these forms have been modified by the Czar, who annexed the country as his personal ' pro- perty,' and gave it certain statutes in 1809. As ' Grand Duke of Finland,' he has, in the terms of the constitution, ' full power to govern, pacify, con- ciliate, and defend the Grand Duchy, grant pardons in cases affecting life, honour, and pro- perty, and appoint at his good pleasure to all the offices of the State.' He is represented at Helsingfors by a Governor- General, who is at once the highest military functionary and Presidentof the Senate. The Czar also names a Minister of State, who must be a Finlander, and who submits to him all matters reserved for imperial decision. The Senate, which sits at Helsingfors, is entirely appointed by the Emperor, and comprises two ' departments,' those of justice and administration, each consisting of nine members. A procurator-general, named by the Grand Duke, assists at the meeti
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