The phase rule and its applications . er can exist together, these two substances can be broughttogether in any amount whatever at temperatures higher than684°, without the formation of two layers. It will thereforebe possible to pass from a system represented by x to onerepresented by x, without at any time two liquid phases ap-pearing. Starting with x, the temperature is first raised abovethe critical solution temperature; phenol is then added untilthe concentration reaches the point x2. On allowing the tem-perature to fall, the systemwill then pass into the con-dition represented by x\ Meth
The phase rule and its applications . er can exist together, these two substances can be broughttogether in any amount whatever at temperatures higher than684°, without the formation of two layers. It will thereforebe possible to pass from a system represented by x to onerepresented by x, without at any time two liquid phases ap-pearing. Starting with x, the temperature is first raised abovethe critical solution temperature; phenol is then added untilthe concentration reaches the point x2. On allowing the tem-perature to fall, the systemwill then pass into the con-dition represented by x\ Methylethylketoneand Water.—In the casejust described, the solu-bility of each componentin the other increasedcontinuously with thetemperature. There are,however, cases where amaximum or minimum ofsolubility is found, andwater. The curve which represents the equilibria betweenthese two substances is given in Fig. 23, the concentrationvalues being contained in the following table :x— Methylethylketone and -10 O + IO 20 40 60 80 100120140160 Fig. 23. Temperature. Ci per cent. C2 per cent. - 10° 345 897 + IO° 26-1 900 300 21-9 89-9 50° 17-5 89-0 70° l62 857 900 161 84-8 no° 177 80-o 130° 21-8 71-9 140° 26*0 64*0 151-8° 44 -2 442 Rothmund, loc. cit. SOLUTIONS :©3 These numbers and Fig. 23 show clearly the occurrence ofa minimum in the solubility of the ketone in water, and also aminimum (at about io°) in the solubility of water in mcthyl-ethylketone. Minima of solubility have also been found inother cases. Triethylamine and Water.—Although in most of the casesstudied the solubility of one liquid in another increases withrise of temperature, this isnot so in all cases. Thus,at temperatures below 180,triethylamine and watermix together in all propor-tions; but, on raising thetemperature, the homo-geneous solution becomesturbid and separates intotwo layers. In this case,therefore, the critical solu-tion temperature is foundin the direction of
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