. The Pharmaceutical era. and body, and the June 23, 1898.] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA. 941 water level at the side by means of which the amount ofliquid in the still may be observed. The material of the still is tinned copper, except thecondensing tubes, which are of block tin. With the stillthere is supplied a nickeled evaporating dish which maybe placed inside the still, the body of the latter thenserving as a water bath, and a tinned wire cage in whichvegetable substances may be enclosed when subjected todistillation. The object of the Ij,tter precaution is toprevent empyreuma, or the smoky od
. The Pharmaceutical era. and body, and the June 23, 1898.] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA. 941 water level at the side by means of which the amount ofliquid in the still may be observed. The material of the still is tinned copper, except thecondensing tubes, which are of block tin. With the stillthere is supplied a nickeled evaporating dish which maybe placed inside the still, the body of the latter thenserving as a water bath, and a tinned wire cage in whichvegetable substances may be enclosed when subjected todistillation. The object of the Ij,tter precaution is toprevent empyreuma, or the smoky odor or taste whichliquids distilled from vegetable substances always possessif the solid comes in direct contact with the heated sidesof the still. Pharmaceutical Jlill with Worm Condenser— One of the oldestand most familiar forms of the pharmaceutical still isconstructed in the form of a retort with detachable headand neck, the latter at its smaller extremity being con-nected with a condensing worm. (Fig. 57.) The con-. Fig. 57.—still With Worm Condenser,densing worm is simply a long tube coiled in a spiral foreconomy of space, and passing through a cylindricalvessel through whicli cold water is permitted to flow. The object of the detachable head is to admit of easyaccess to the still body. A separate opening closed by ascrew stopper permits the use of a thermometer or funnel-tube and the admission of fresh liquid without discon-necting the parts. Stills of this pattern are usually made of sheet copper,and are reasonably cheap and lasting. They are especial-ly valuable tor the production of distilled water, and re-quire only a moderate amount of cold water for con-densing purposes. Pharmaceuti al tills with Dome Condensers- In another classof pharmaceutical stills the upper part of the still, or thestill-head, is more or less expanded into a dome, which
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, booksubjectdrugs, booksubjectpharmacy, bookyear1
