. omenus, Psophis, and Pheneos,which lie in the secluded valleys of the northand east, protected by their mountains ; to thewest the valleys of the Alpheus and Ladon aremore accessible, and here, accordingly, werecantons of hamlets rather than independentcities: in the upper valley of the Alpheus, theMaenalians, and Eutresians; lower down, theParrhasians, Cynurians, and Heraeans; in thevalley of the Ladon the Azanes. The bondof union from early times was religious. Pan-arcadian festivals were held to Zeus at , to Athene Alea
. omenus, Psophis, and Pheneos,which lie in the secluded valleys of the northand east, protected by their mountains ; to thewest the valleys of the Alpheus and Ladon aremore accessible, and here, accordingly, werecantons of hamlets rather than independentcities: in the upper valley of the Alpheus, theMaenalians, and Eutresians; lower down, theParrhasians, Cynurians, and Heraeans; in thevalley of the Ladon the Azanes. The bondof union from early times was religious. Pan-arcadian festivals were held to Zeus at , to Athene Alea at Tegea, and toArtemis Hymnia at Orchomenus (Paus. viii. 2,5, 53). Like the Swiss, the Arcadians frequentlyserved as mercenaries, and in the Pelopon-nesian war they were found in the armies ofboth the Lacedaemonians and Athenians. TheLacedaemonians made many attempts to obtainpossession of parts of Arcadia, but these at-tempts were finally frustrated by the battle ofLeuctra ( 371); and in order to resist allfuture aggressions on the part of Sparta, the. Coin of , head of Zeus : Pan, seated on a rock, holding aknotted shepherds staff. Arcadians, upon the advice of Epaminondas,and led by Lycomedes, built the city of Mega-lopolis, and instituted a general assembly of ARCADIUS the whole nation, caUed the Myrii (Mupioi,Diet, of Antiq. ). This Arcadian League didnot last long. Mantinea and Tegea were at en-mity already before the death of Eparninondas,and though the assembly of the Ten Thousandexisted in the time of Demosthenes we have notrace of an Arcadian League after the end ofthe fourth cent. The Arcadian cities sub-sequently joined the Achaean League, andfinally became subject to the Romans. Arcadius, emperor of the East ( 395—408i,elder son of Theodosius L, was born in Spain, 383. On the death of Theodosius he be-came emperor of the East, while the West wasgiven to his younger brother Honorius. Arca-dius possessed neither physical nor
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