Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . Fig. 151.—The flattened chest seen in kyphosis. Besides these separate forms we often see a combination of roundshoulders and flat back, which is known as the gorilla type of pos-ture, and-sometimes a combination of round shoulders and hollowback, called the feeble-minded type, indicating muscular and ner-vous weakness. Another defect, usually but not always associatedwith some of the foregoing, is displacement of the internal organs, DEFECTS OF POSTURE 255 or visceroptosis. Still another is hernia, in which a portion of the
Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . Fig. 151.—The flattened chest seen in kyphosis. Besides these separate forms we often see a combination of roundshoulders and flat back, which is known as the gorilla type of pos-ture, and-sometimes a combination of round shoulders and hollowback, called the feeble-minded type, indicating muscular and ner-vous weakness. Another defect, usually but not always associatedwith some of the foregoing, is displacement of the internal organs, DEFECTS OF POSTURE 255 or visceroptosis. Still another is hernia, in which a portion of theabdominal contents is forced out through an opening in theabdominal wall. Kyphosis or round shoulders is the most common defect of pos-ture. It consists of a drooping forward of the head and neck anda consequent increase in the convexity of the normal thoraciccurve of the spine. As its name implies, it is often associated withabduction of the scapulae, although either defect may occur with-. Fig. 152.—The expanded chest, seen in the vigorously erect posture. out the other. It is a part of the function of the scaleni and sterno-mastoid muscles, as we have seen, to hold up the upper chest andkeep it expanded. The drooping of head and neck that we have inkyphosis deprives these muscles of their solid points of origin andallows the sternum and ribs to sink. The exaggeration of thethoracic curve also depresses the upper ribs. All this flattens theupper chest, lessens the range of the normal movements of quietbreathing and leaves some parts of the lungs unused. The heart,stomach, liver and other organs are crowded and their functions 25G THE UPRIGHT POSITION hindered. General vitality is lowered and the tendency to lungdiseases markedly increased. The cause of kyphosis is a failure of the extensor muscles of theupper spine to hold the head and neck up in erect position. Theposture may become habitual through muscular or nervous weak-ness or as the result of occupation. Many o
Size: 1319px × 1896px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksu, booksubjectphysicaleducationandtraining
