. The biology of cilia and flagella. Cilia and ciliary motion; Flagella (Microbiology). IONS 99 valent cations K^, Na+, Li+ and NH4+ generally induced reversal, while the divalent and trivalent cations did not. The former authors, who used a large number of chemicals, found that the polyvalent cations were able to neutralize monovalent ones, and they concluded that cation unbalance upset the electrical equili- brium of the membrane. The concentration of ions present in the medium may modify the reversal response of these protozoan cilia. Okajima (1954b) 24 r. 0 0-1 0-2 0 3 0 4 0-5 Concencratio
. The biology of cilia and flagella. Cilia and ciliary motion; Flagella (Microbiology). IONS 99 valent cations K^, Na+, Li+ and NH4+ generally induced reversal, while the divalent and trivalent cations did not. The former authors, who used a large number of chemicals, found that the polyvalent cations were able to neutralize monovalent ones, and they concluded that cation unbalance upset the electrical equili- brium of the membrane. The concentration of ions present in the medium may modify the reversal response of these protozoan cilia. Okajima (1954b) 24 r. 0 0-1 0-2 0 3 0 4 0-5 Concencration of MgClj (docs) and AlClj (crosses) in rriM Fig. 25. The effect of magnesium chloride and aluminium chloride at various concentrations on the frequency of beat of Stentor membranelles (from Sleigh, 1956a). found that if Opalina is placed in a calcium-free Ringer solution, it quickly loses the ability to reverse the direction of beat in response to a stimulus; the same happens in potassium chloride isotonic with the normal medium, where the absence of Ca++ is again likely to be the cause. At other potassium concentrations there is little change in the threshold of the reversal response, although the duration of reversal is longest at medium concentra- tion. The higher the concentration of calcium in the medium, H. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Sleigh, Michael A. Oxford, New York, Pergamon Press
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