. The Iron and steel magazine. oins, ivory ornaments, ironswords, scythes, etc., together with rudely built smelting fur-naces, found in the hillsides and prehistoric tombs of Hallstadt,Austria, and Jura Mountains of Switzerland, clearly prove that2000 a Gallic race inhabited these regions of Central Europe, Descriptive Metallurgy of Iron and Steel 197 who, by taking advantai^e of the discovery of iron, and tradingtheir manufactures with the Phanicians, enjoyed material com-forts and luxuries and developed skill and taste in the cultiva-tion of the arts of life, far in advance of the rugg
. The Iron and steel magazine. oins, ivory ornaments, ironswords, scythes, etc., together with rudely built smelting fur-naces, found in the hillsides and prehistoric tombs of Hallstadt,Austria, and Jura Mountains of Switzerland, clearly prove that2000 a Gallic race inhabited these regions of Central Europe, Descriptive Metallurgy of Iron and Steel 197 who, by taking advantai^e of the discovery of iron, and tradingtheir manufactures with the Phanicians, enjoyed material com-forts and luxuries and developed skill and taste in the cultiva-tion of the arts of life, far in advance of the rugged nomadictribes and people bv whom they were surrounded, bearing outthe famous dictum of Thenard, the chemist, that we may judgeof the state of civilization of any nation by the degree of per-fection at which it has arrived in the workmanship of iron. The method by which these men of the early Iron Ageextracted metallic iron from mineral ore is graphically illus-trated in Fig. 3. This picture was drawn from a model in Fig. 3. Primitive Furnace for vSmelting Iron prepared in 1S66 by a learned Swiss engineer, M. Quiquerez,and designed from many specimens found in Hallstadt, Austria,and in the Bernese Jura. The furnace consisted of a cavity inthe hillside, covered in with a concave wall about nine feet high,plastered with fireclay, and surmounted with a conical made of rough stone were arranged on each side of themound to enable the workman to climb on top in order to chargewith ore and fuel. On the right-hand side is a heap of charcoalfor fuel, while on the left is a store of ironstone, enclosed in apen formed of long, wooden logs. In the foreground is a heapof scoria, hammer slag and scale, dropped as debris in the pro- 19 S The Iron and Steel Magazine cess of hamnieririg the crude metal. A workman is pulling acake of iron out of the ashes; another is hammiering on the anvila piece of spongy iron, just taken from the furnace. In all theseresearches no tra
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectiron, bookyear1898
