Studies on fermentation : the diseases of beer, their causes, and the means of preventing them . f these spontaneous sowings, effected by opening and thenclosing in the flame a certain number of flasks with drawn-out points,we may utilize one of the flasks, which, having been opened and closedagain, has notwithstanding developed no organized forms, as follows :—We impiegnate the contained liquid directly, by dropping into it from ametallic wire spores taken from any growth of penicillium exposed to thecommon air; and then from the new field of sporanges formed by thissowing in the flask that h
Studies on fermentation : the diseases of beer, their causes, and the means of preventing them . f these spontaneous sowings, effected by opening and thenclosing in the flame a certain number of flasks with drawn-out points,we may utilize one of the flasks, which, having been opened and closedagain, has notwithstanding developed no organized forms, as follows :—We impiegnate the contained liquid directly, by dropping into it from ametallic wire spores taken from any growth of penicillium exposed to thecommon air; and then from the new field of sporanges formed by thissowing in the flask that has been re-closed, we must, later on, take thepure spores that we require. This method is quicker and almost as safe. 90 ox FERMENTATION. shall thus obtain with most certainty spores of penicillium freefrom impurities. Our readers will excuse the length of these details and theminutiae of our precautions, but we shall again and again seethat to neglect them, or any part of them, is to expose ourselvesto hazard in drawing sure conclusions from facts which comeunder our Fig. 18. On June 17th, 1872, we placed some pure spores of pruicil/iumin a series of three flasks containing wort (Fig. 18), observing allthe precautions that we have indicated. We shall designate We should add that, if we wish to use for our purpose spores oi penicilliumfrom a closed flask, in which the plant has fructified, we must be carefulnot to leave the plant too long closed up. A few daj-s after the sowingthe growth of the fungus is arrested, in consequence of all the oxygenbeing absorbed, and its place being sujiplied by a mixture of carbonicacid and nitrogen ; and the spores, if kipt too long in this atmosphere,will all perish. STUDIES ON 91 these flasks by the letters A, B, C. On the following daythe spores germinated, and the liquid became full of flakesof mycelium, some of which came to the surface to temperature varied between 25° C. and 30° C. (
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