Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . STEKL WORKS. Mills & Co., to the Victoria and Albert Museum.) 748 THE SUCCESSION OF THE DEMOCRACY. 1850 that the industry began to assume importance, when12,000 tons of iron shipping were built. Iron is so much betteras a structural material than wood that its use extended fromyear to year, some ships being built wholly of iron, others withiron framework and wooden planking, but these latter diminishedin num
Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . STEKL WORKS. Mills & Co., to the Victoria and Albert Museum.) 748 THE SUCCESSION OF THE DEMOCRACY. 1850 that the industry began to assume importance, when12,000 tons of iron shipping were built. Iron is so much betteras a structural material than wood that its use extended fromyear to year, some ships being built wholly of iron, others withiron framework and wooden planking, but these latter diminishedin number as improvements in the manufacture of iron plateswere made. In 1883 the annual production of iron shipping inthis country had increased to 732,000 tons (by measurement),and the use of wood had been for some years almost entirely. DIllECT PllODUCTION .STEEL {Victorid tnid Albert Museum.) abandoned for the structural part of British-built ships. In thecourse of the year 1888 only 54,000 tons were built of iron, aresult due partly to bad trade, but chietiy to the extended use ofmild or open-hearth steel, the use of which had commenced in1879. In the subsequent recovery of trade, mild steel has beenemployed, to the practical exclusion of all other material; woodis, indeed, reserved almost entirol} for the jnn-pose of the interiorfittings, or as the material for small boats. On account of theuse of the new material—mild steel—great improvements havebeen made both in the forms of ships and in their machinery,and it is now to carry goods at very low rates ; so thatby lilting ships with refrigerating chambers and means for pro-ducing artificial cold, even perishable goods can be cheaplybrought to this country from the Antipodes. The general METALLURGY AND MINIXG. 749 eco
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