China: Emperor Tongzhi (27 April 1856– 12 January 1875), ninth Qing Emperor (r. 1861-1875). Hanging scroll painting, c. 1861-1875. The Tongzhi Emperor, personal name Zaichun and temple name Muzong, was the ninth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. His reign, which effectively lasted through his adolescence, was largely overshadowed by the regency of his mother, the Empress Dowager Cixi. He held little influence over court affairs, although the time of his reign did give rise to what historians call the 'Tongzhi Restoration', an unsuccessful attempt to stabilise and modernise China.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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