. The California fruits and how to grow them. nes are *Appendi.\ i to report of State Viticultural officer for 1882-83, and report on the chaintre systemin California by Clarence J. Wetmore, in report Viticultural Convention of 1S88, page 72. The Chaintre System. 383 spread out over the wide spaces between rows during the summer,but, after being properly pruned, are turned back to admit ofcultivation of the ground. Mr. Wetmore finds the chaintre sys-tem better than trellises, because the land can be plowed bothways, and cheaper, as well as some other respects better thanother systems of long p
. The California fruits and how to grow them. nes are *Appendi.\ i to report of State Viticultural officer for 1882-83, and report on the chaintre systemin California by Clarence J. Wetmore, in report Viticultural Convention of 1S88, page 72. The Chaintre System. 383 spread out over the wide spaces between rows during the summer,but, after being properly pruned, are turned back to admit ofcultivation of the ground. Mr. Wetmore finds the chaintre sys-tem better than trellises, because the land can be plowed bothways, and cheaper, as well as some other respects better thanother systems of long pruning. His essay on the subject de-scribes some local improvements in the system which have beenintroduced to better suit California conditions. Materials Used in Training Vines.—The chief itemof cost in vine training is the stakes. The best stakes are ofCalifornia redwood, which is exceedingly durable. The cost offour-foot stakes for short pruning is about $12 per thousand andfor five and six-foot stakes for long pruning about $15 to $18. The Chaintre System of Long Pruning. per thousand, free on board cars in the redwood regions in So-noma and Santa Cruz Counties. Vines are tied with grape twine; old cable (bought at thejunk shops in San Francisco), with wire, with the tough leavesof the New Zealand flax, and with withes of ozier of the last-named materials are now grown for home use bymany vineyardists. Plants of New Zealand flax {Phonniumtenax) have been for several years furnished free to applicants atthe State University at Berkeley. Professor Husmann stronglycommends No. 16 annealed galvanized wire for making theupper ties of young vine stumps to stakes, and uses the othermaterials for the lower ties and for fastening up growing canes. For the chaintre system Mr. Wetmore uses at first light red-wood stakes, which cost from $ to $10 per thousand, and thesesame stakes are afterwards used as supports under the trailingvines in connection with forked stake
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